Amphetamine Toxicity in Dogs
Amphetamines serve as prescription medication with diverse applications in human medicine. They prove effective in treating conditions like ADD/ADHD and narcolepsy, and they are also prescribed for weight loss. However, when ingested by dogs, amphetamines can be highly toxic, leading to potential health complications. The toxicity of amphetamines is a concern for both dogs and cats. Additionally, illicit forms of amphetamines, such as crystal meth, methamphetamine, and ecstasy, pose significant risks if consumed by pets.
Symptoms
Signs of amphetamine poisoning in dogs may include:
- Restlessness
- Panting
- Hyperactivity
- Sedation
- Agitation/irritability/aggression
- Muscle tremors
- Seizures
- Increased heart rate
- Dilated pupils
- Elevated blood pressure
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Drooling
- Death
Causes
The majority of amphetamine poisoning cases in dogs result from accidental ingestion, often occurring when dogs consume pills dropped on the floor. Dogs may also access medication from pill bottles left within their reach, such as on countertops or other accessible areas. In rare instances, the drug may be deliberately administered to the dog.
Diagnosis
Following inquiries about the dog’s medical history, your veterinarian will examine the animal for signs indicative of amphetamine ingestion. Blood, urine, or stomach contents may undergo testing to detect the presence of amphetamines. However, obtaining results typically requires several days. As a result, treatment for amphetamine poisoning needs to commence before these results become available.
Treatment
If recent ingestion has occurred and the dog remains mobile without experiencing seizures, vomiting may be induced using apomorphine, hydrogen peroxide, or ipecac. It’s essential to seek guidance from your veterinarian for proper administration.
Activated charcoal can be utilized to absorb the poison present in the stomach. In some cases, gastric lavage (commonly known as “pumping the stomach”) may be required.
Your veterinarian might initiate intravenous fluid therapy to dilute the toxicity. They may also administer sedatives and/or anticonvulsants to manage seizures and minimize nervous system stimulation. Cooling measures may be necessary if the dog’s body temperature becomes dangerously elevated.
Additionally, your veterinarian will monitor your dog’s blood chemistry results closely. Kidney function tests are crucial for dogs poisoned with amphetamines. Furthermore, blood pressure and body temperature will require continuous monitoring.
Living and Management
Upon returning home, it’s important to provide a calm and quiet environment for a dog that has experienced amphetamine poisoning to aid in their recovery.
Prevention
To avoid accidental amphetamine poisoning, ensure that all prescription medications are stored securely in a location that is inaccessible to your dog.